SCIENTIFIC STUDIES

Aursnes, Marius, et al. “Total Synthesis of the Lipid Mediator PD1n-3 DPA: Configurational Assignments and Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Actions.” Journal of Natural Products, vol. 77, no. 4, 2014, pp. 910–916., doi:10.1021/np4009865.

Brown, A.j., et al. “Erythrocyte Eicosapentaenoic Acid versus Docosahexaenoic Acid as a Marker for Fish and Fish Oil Consumption.” Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 44, no. 2, 1991, pp. 103–106., doi:10.1016/0952-3278(91)90191-7.

Byelashov, Oleksandr A., et al. “Dietary Sources, Current Intakes, and Nutritional Role of Omega-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid.” Lipid Technology, vol. 27, no. 4, 2015, pp. 79–82., doi:10.1002/lite.201500013.

Dalli, Jesmond, et al. “Novel n-3 Immunoresolvents: Structures and Actions.” Scientific Reports, vol. 3, no. 1, 2013, doi:10.1038/srep01940.

Denis, Isabelle, et al. “Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Brain Aging.” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol. 18, no. 2, 2015, pp. 139–146., doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000141.

Dubey, Pratibha, et al. “Diets Enriched in Fish-Oil or Seal-Oil Have Distinct Effects on Lipid Levels and Peroxidation in BioF1B Hamsters.” Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, vol. 4, 2011, doi:10.4137/nmi.s6728.

Dyall, Simon C. “Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Brain: a Review of the Independent and Shared Effects of EPA, DPA and DHA.” Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, vol. 7, 2015, doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00052.

Fard, Samaneh Ghasemi, et al. “Comparison of the Bioavailability of Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) in the Rat.” Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 90, no. 1, 2014, pp. 23–26., doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.10.001.

Hansen, Trond Vidar, et al. “The Protectin Family of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators: Potent Immunoresolvents Enabling Innovative Approaches to Target Obesity and Diabetes.” Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 9, 2019, doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01582.

Holub, Bruce J., et al. “Oral Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Is Differentially Incorporated into Phospholipid Pools and Differentially Metabolized to Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Tissues from Young Rats.” Lipids, vol. 46, no. 5, 2011, pp. 399–407., doi:10.1007/s11745-011-3535-3.

Hong, Song, et al. “Novel Docosatrienes and 17S-Resolvins Generated from Docosahexaenoic Acid in Murine Brain, Human Blood, and Glial Cells.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 278, no. 17, 2003, pp. 14677–14687., doi:10.1074/jbc.m300218200.

Kaur, Gunveen, et al. “Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) down-Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Fat Synthesis in Liver Cells.” Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 85, no. 3-4, 2011, pp. 155–161., doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2011.06.002.

Kaur, Gunveen, et al. “Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3): A Review of Its Biological Effects.” Progress in Lipid Research, vol. 50, no. 1, 2011, pp. 28–34., doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2010.07.004.

Kaur, Gunveen, et al. “Orally Administered [14C]DPA and [14C]DHA Are Metabolised Differently to [14C]EPA in Rats.” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 109, no. 3, 2012, pp. 441–448., doi:10.1017/s0007114512001419.

Kaur, Gunveen, et al. “Short-Term Docosapentaenoic Acid (22 : 5n-3) Supplementation Increases Tissue Docosapentaenoic Acid, DHA and EPA Concentrations in Rats.” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 103, no. 1, 2009, pp. 32–37., doi:10.1017/s0007114509991334.

Levy, Bruce D., et al. “Lipid Mediator Class Switching during Acute Inflammation: Signals in Resolution.” Nature Immunology, vol. 2, no. 7, 2001, pp. 612–619., doi:10.1038/89759.

Mann, Neil J., et al. “Effects of Seal Oil and Tuna-Fish Oil on Platelet Parameters and Plasma Lipid Levels in Healthy Subjects.” Lipids, vol. 45, no. 8, 2010, pp. 669–681., doi:10.1007/s11745-010-3450-z.

Marcheselli, Victor L., et al. “Neuroprotectin D1/Protectin D1 Stereoselective and Specific Binding with Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Neutrophils.” Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 82, no. 1, 2010, pp. 27–34., doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2009.10.010.

Meyer, Barbara J., et al. “Comparison of Seal Oil to Tuna Oil on Plasma Lipid Levels and Blood Pressure in Hypertriglyceridaemic Subjects.” Lipids, vol. 44, no. 9, 2009, pp. 827–835., doi:10.1007/s11745-009-3333-3.

Miller, Eliza, et al. “A Short-Term n-3 DPA Supplementation Study in Humans.” European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 52, no. 3, 2012, pp. 895–904., doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0396-3.

Morin, Caroline, et al. “Docosapentaenoic Acid Monoacylglyceride Reduces Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension.” American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol. 307, no. 4, 2014, doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00814.2013.